Apr 03, 2025
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React Native has been a game-changer for cross-platform mobile development, enabling developers to build apps for iOS and Android with a single codebase using JavaScript and React. Over the years, React Native has continuously evolved to improve performance, scalability, and developer experience. Two major improvements that promise to significantly enhance performance and offer better support for native integration are Fabric and TurboModules.
In this blog post, we will explore both of these innovations in detail, discussing what they are, how they work, and why they are so crucial for the future of React Native.
The React Native UI Layer Overhaul
Fabric is a complete overhaul of React Native’s UI layer. Traditionally, React Native apps use a bridge to communicate between JavaScript and native code. This bridge relies on a thread that serializes and passes messages between JavaScript and native modules. However, this bridge has some performance limitations, particularly in terms of latency and thread contention when there are complex interactions between the JavaScript and native layers.
Fabric is designed to replace this traditional bridge and optimize communication between JavaScript and native components. With Fabric, React Native is moving to a more modern, efficient architecture that removes many of the bottlenecks caused by the old bridge.
Example of Fabric in Action
In React Native, components are traditionally rendered via the bridge. Fabric enables a more efficient and direct communication model, reducing unnecessary overhead. The switch to Fabric allows React Native to leverage native UI frameworks like UIKit (iOS) and View System (Android) more effectively, thereby improving performance.
Consider an example where you have a complex list with large images and dynamically changing content. With Fabric, the underlying UI rendering optimizes how images and data are fetched and rendered, preventing UI jank and improving the user experience.
import { View, Text } from 'react-native';
const UserProfile = () => (
<View>
<Text>John Doe</Text>
<Text>john.doe@example.com</Text>
<Image source={{ uri: 'https://example.com/image.jpg' }} />
</View>
);
In a traditional implementation, React Native would send updates over the bridge to update the UI. With Fabric, these updates are directly handled, minimizing performance bottlenecks.
An Evolution of Native Modules
TurboModules are another major innovation in React Native, designed to improve the performance of native module interactions. Native modules in React Native allow JavaScript to call native APIs or functionality, like accessing device sensors, storage, or network requests. However, traditional native modules rely on the bridge, leading to performance issues, especially when handling frequent calls or large amounts of data.
TurboModules aim to optimize this interaction by providing a just-in-time (JIT) initialization approach. This means that TurboModules are loaded and initialized only when they are needed, resulting in less overhead and more efficient memory usage.
Key Benefits of TurboModules
Example of TurboModules in Action
TurboModules improve the way React Native interacts with native functionality. For example, when using a native module to access device storage, TurboModules can help by asynchronously loading the module only when needed, rather than initializing it upfront.
Here is an example of a TurboModule:
import { TurboModuleRegistry } from 'react-native';
const StorageModule = TurboModuleRegistry.getEnforcing('StorageModule');
const fetchDataFromStorage = async () => {
const data = await StorageModule.getData();
console.log(data);
};
In this example, StorageModule will only be loaded when fetchDataFromStorage is called, reducing unnecessary memory usage and ensuring that the module is only initialized when needed.
Before Fabric and TurboModules, React Native relied on the traditional Bridge-based Communication. This approach caused performance issues due to its asynchronous and batched communication model, leading to delays in rendering and processing.
With Fabric and TurboModules, the new JSI (JavaScript Interface) allows JavaScript to call native functions directly, resulting in:
Impact on Performance
Both Fabric and TurboModules are designed to make React Native faster and more efficient. By removing the bridge and improving the way native modules are loaded and executed, these updates will drastically reduce the overhead in React Native apps, particularly when dealing with complex UIs and frequent native interactions.
The Path Forward
The integration of Fabric and TurboModules will bring React Native closer to achieving the performance of fully native apps, without sacrificing the development efficiency that React Native provides. As the community continues to adopt these new features, we can expect further optimizations and improvements.
Fabric and TurboModules are game-changers for React Native, representing a significant leap forward in performance and efficiency. With Fabric’s concurrent rendering and TurboModules’ lazy loading, React Native apps can expect better performance, quicker startup times, and reduced memory usage.
For developers, adopting these technologies will lead to smoother, more responsive apps while also improving maintainability and scalability. The combination of both Fabric and TurboModules is the future of React Native performance optimization, and we can expect these innovations to propel React Native into becoming an even more powerful platform for building cross-platform mobile apps.
By embracing these updates, React Native apps will be able to meet the growing demands of modern mobile users, offering seamless and high-performing experiences while maintaining the productivity benefits that come with using JavaScript and React.
| Feature | Gluestack UI | NativeBase | React Native Paper | Material UI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Performance Optimized | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
| Customization | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ |
| Prebuilt Components | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
| Theming Support | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
| Atomic Styling | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
| Re-Renders Optimized | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
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